Bali Tourism Map: Subak is an organisation owned past times the farmers inward Bali that specifically regulates H2O management or watering systems/irrigation of rice fields traditionally, the existence of Subak is a manifestation of the philosophy/concept of Tri Hita Karana.
Bali Tourism Map: Tri Hita Karana is derived from the give-and-take "Tri" pregnant three, "Hita" which way happiness/well-being together with "Karana" which way the cause. It tin live concluded that the Tri Hita Karana way "Three things causes the creation of happiness together with well-being". Its application inward the Subak System equally follows:
- Parahyangan is a harmonious human relationship betwixt human together with God.
- Pawongan is a harmonious human relationship betwixt human together with his neighbor.
- Palemahan is the harmonious human relationship betwixt human together with nature together with the environment.
Bali Tourism Map: The give-and-take "Subak" is a give-and-take that comes from the Balinese language, the give-and-take was rootage seen inward the inscription of Pandak Bandung that has numbers 1072 AD. The give-and-take "Subak" refers to a unique social together with religious institutions, has its ain settings, democratic associations of farmers inward determining the utilisation of irrigation H2O for growing rice.
Bali Tourism Map: Subak for Balinese is non simply an irrigation system, but also the concept of life for the people of Bali itself. In the persuasion of Balinese people, Subak is a straight overview of the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana.
Bali Tourism Map: As a method of organisation of living together, Subak survived for over a century because of the people obedient to the ancestral traditions. Water distribution is done fairly together with equitably, all the problems discussed together with solved together, fifty-fifty the timing of planting together with conclusion of the type of rice planted was done together.
Bali Tourism Map: Sanctions against diverse types of violations volition live determined past times the people themselves through ceremonies or rituals performed inward the temples. This form of harmonization of life is the commutation factor inward the preservation of the cultural of Subak inward Bali.
Subak Organizational Structure
Bali Tourism Map: Subak members or also commonly called Krama Subak is the farmers who receive got cultivated rice fields together with larn a slice of H2O inward their fields. In Subak members are also available several groups called Sekaa, Krama Subak classified into three, namely:
- Krama Aktif is the active members such equally krama pekaseh, sekaa yeh or sekaa Subak.
- Krama Pasif is the members that supersede their obligations amongst coin or inward form for several reasons commonly referred to Pengampel or Pengohot.
- Krama Luput is the members which is non active inward all sorts of Subak activities because of the duties equally caput of the hamlet or Bendesa Adat.
Subak organisation commission (Prajuru) consists of:
- Pekaseh/Kelian is served equally caput of the Subak.
- Pangliman/Petajuh, served equally deputy caput of the Subak.
- Peyarikan/Juru tulis is equally secretary.
- Petengen/Juru raksa is has a duty equally treasurer.
- Saya/Juru arah/Juru uduh/Juru tibak/Kasinoman has the duty inward matters of give away or announcement.
- Pemangku is a special duty inward matters of ritual or religious events.
The groups (Sekaa) inward Subak divided into:
- Sekaa Numbeg is a grouping that regulates the processing of land.
- Sekaa Jelinjingan is the grouping inward accuse of organizing the H2O treatment.
- Sekaa Sambang is the grouping who has the labor of monitoring the H2O of the theft, banish or grab animals that destroy crops such equally birds together with rodents.
- Sekaa Memulih/Nandur is a grouping inward accuse inward price of planting rice seedlings.
- Sekaa Mejukut is a grouping inward accuse of weeding rice.
- Sekaa Manyi is the grouping inward accuse to cutting or harvest rice.
- Sekaa Bleseng is a grouping that has the duty of transporting the bond of rice that has been planed from the fields to the barn.
Bali Tourism Map: As an organisation that is autonomous inward taking assist of their ain organizations, Subak tin laid upward rules known equally Awig awig, Sima, together with Perarem. Inside the awig awig written things together with basic provisions, the top dog contents inward awig awig is laid upward well-nigh parahyangan, pawongan together with palemahan piece provisions together with things inward to a greater extent than particular contained inward pararem equally the implementation of awig awig Subak. Awig awig Subak contains rights together with obligations of members of Subak together with contains well-nigh sanctions for violations of rights together with obligations.
Subak Irrigation Network
Bali Tourism Map: Experts also mentioned that Subak, equally good equally technological systems, has locomote a civilisation inward Bali. Subak equally a method of the applied scientific discipline of the master civilisation of the Balinese farmer. The top dog facilities of irrigation H2O command scheme (palemahan) for each fellow member of Subak is pengalapan (dam), jelinjing (trenches), together with a cakangan (spot/tool to locomote inward the H2O to the rice fields).
Bali Tourism Map: if at a given location rice champaign at that spot are 2 or to a greater extent than following cakangan to each other, together with thus the pinnacle of those cakangan are the same (the ease together with smoothness of the H2O flowing into the fields owned past times each farmer is the same), but the deviation inward the width of the holes of the cakangan tin live tolerated customized past times a broad margin of paddy fields. Manufacture, maintenance, together with management of the utilisation of irrigation facilities of Subak conducted jointly past times the members.
Network inward the Subak irrigation scheme if sorted from H2O sources consist of:
- Empelan/Empangan equally a source of H2O flow/dam.
- Bungas/Buka equally an inlet (in take).
- Aungan equally a unopen drains or tunnel.
- Telabah Aya (gede) equally the top dog H2O channel.
- Tembuku Aya (gede) equally the top dog edifice for the distribution of water.
- Telabah Tempek (Munduk/Dahanan/Kanca) equally the branch H2O channel.
- Telabah Cerik equally twig H2O channel.
- Telabah Panyacah (tali kunda), inward some places known equally Penasan (for 10 parts), Panca (for v people), together with Pamijian (1 person).
Bali Tourism Map: Through this Subak system, farmers larn H2O inward accordance amongst the conditions laid upward past times the deliberation of the members of Subak together with withal guided past times the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana. Therefore, the activity inward organizations/associations of Subak includes non alone agricultural issues but also includes issues of ritual together with worship to invoke adept fortune together with fertility.
Bali Tourism Map: Rice field, rice plants, together with the H2O has an of import utilisation inward Subak irrigation scheme is fifty-fifty associated amongst a religious aspect. All those iii are related to the ability of Dewi Sri (the goddess of fertility together with prosperity). Therefore, Subak non alone regulates the number together with delivery of H2O but also the social together with religious aspects.
Bali Tourism Map: Each Subak unremarkably has a temple called Pura Ulun Carik Temple or Pura Bedugul Temple, specially built past times farmers to worship the Goddess Sri. This irrigation scheme is governed past times an indigenous leader together with also a farmer called Kelian (Klian) which has the labor to supervise together with larn by Subak.
Bali Tourism Map: To live Kelian Subak is a social nature, does non larn a salary. The segmentation or distribution of H2O is adjusted to the membership of farmers inward Subak, at that spot are active together with passive members, both got dissimilar H2O distribution. This is the footing of judge where the H2O distribution adapted to the contribution.
Bali Tourism Map: The ancient irrigation scheme of Subak has been studied together with researched past times Clifford Geertz, piece J. Stephen Lansing has attracted populace attending on the importance of traditional irrigation methods. He studied together with researched many sacred places (temples) inward Bali, particularly the sacred house reserved for agriculture.
Bali Tourism Map: In 1987, J. Stephen Lansing cooperate amongst farmers inward Bali has redeveloped inward the irrigation system/Subak irrigation becomes to a greater extent than effective. That mode he tin show how the effectiveness together with importance of Subak irrigation method inward Bali.
Subak - World Heritage Sites past times UNESCO
Bali Tourism Map: UNESCO - The United Nations Educational, Scientific, together with Cultural Organization has lastly admitted Subak inward Bali equally a ground cultural heritage. Such recognition tin live realized afterwards the combat of Indonesian commonwealth authorities for to a greater extent than than 12 years.
Bali Tourism Map: Proposal for this category is non tardily because it requires in-depth question amongst the approach through diverse sciences such equally archeology, anthropology, geography, environmental science, landscape architecture, together with another related sciences.
Bali Tourism Map: Right at the engagement June 29, 2012, the Proposal is approved together with designated equally World Cultural Heritage past times UNESCO inward the 36th session of UNESCO World Heritage Committee inward the town of Saint Peterburg, Russia.
Bali Tourism Map: The conclusion equally a World Cultural Heritage was welcomed past times the authorities together with the people of Bali. According to the filing, Subak inward Bali which has an expanse of approximately 20,000 ha, consisting of a H2O command scheme that is inward v districts of Badung, Bangli, Buleleng, Gianyar together with Tabanan.
Sites inward Bali defined past times UNESCO equally ground cultural heritage are:
- Ulun Danu Batur Temple, located at the halt of the lake Batur, which is the top dog H2O temple equally the source of whatever springs together with rivers.
- Subak Landscape of watersheds Pakerisan, which is known equally the oldest irrigation scheme inward Bali.
- Subak Landscape of Catur Angga Batukaru, tourist attractions of Jatiluwih rice terraces is 1 of its parts.
- Taman Ayun Temple, the greatest H2O temple amongst its most famous architecture, exemplifies the sum expansion of the Subak scheme nether violet authorities of Bali inward the 19th century.
Bali Tourism Map: The components of Subak is roofing the forests that protect H2O supplies, landscapes of terraced rice fields that are connected past times a scheme of canals, tunnels together with dams, villages, temples of diverse sizes indicating the importance of H2O resources or H2O flowing through the temple declined irrigating H2O command system.
Subak Museum
Bali Tourism Map: To innovate together with save Subak which is an ancestral cultural heritage of Bali, together with thus established the Subak Museum which is located inward Tabanan regency which aims to innovate immature generation or tourists well-nigh the traditional irrigation scheme owned together with is withal used today past times the farmers on the Island of Bali.
Read to a greater extent than well-nigh Subak Museum: Bali Agriculture Collection & Traditional Irrigation.
Bali Tourism Map: In this museum exhibited together with displays objects that relate to the function of farmers equally good equally audio-visual shows activities inward running Subak irrigation management.
Bali Tourism Map: References:
- whc.unesco.org
- ale-alesma3dps.blogspot.com
- 
Bahasa Indonesia