Topeng Dance is i of theatrical fine art form, equally good equally an of import chemical ingredient inwards cultural tradition of Balinese. This mask surgical physical care for is believed to originate inwards the early on of the 9th century. The earliest tape is the "Bebetin" manuscript, dating dorsum to the Caka yr 818 or 896 A.D. The manuscript is collected yesteryear The Gedong Kirtya Library inwards Singaraja, Bali.
Mask Dance Bali
The manuscript mentioned of import terms, which propose the performances using masks, are: patapukan, atapukan, hanapuk (tapuk way "to cover" or "mask"). These damage signify masked performances inwards which to create a character, the dancer set something to concealment the face.
Nevertheless, no i knows the mask performances mentioned inwards Bebetin manuscript are alike to the Topeng trip the lite fantastic toe house that is growing today inwards Bali. Until today in that location are iv variations of Balinese mask: Topeng Pajegan, Topeng Panca, Topeng Prembon, too Topeng Bondres.
Topeng Pajegan or oftentimes called Topeng Sidakarya, performed yesteryear a solo actor-dancer. This type of mask is preferred for ritual purposes, equally a sacred fine art (wali) too ceremonial fine art (bebali). Sidakarya way "to complete the task" too refers to the ceremony inwards process. Topeng Pajengan is usually performed yesteryear a reputated too mature actor-dancer who besides has priestly knowledge.
Topeng Panca way topeng trip the lite fantastic toe house acted yesteryear a grouping of 5 actor-dancers or more. In the topeng panca performance, in that location is a partition of roles where the dancers human activeness equally king, minister, buffoon (penasar), clown, etc.
Topeng Prembon is a mixed topeng trip the lite fantastic toe drama, featuring characters amongst too without mask. This topeng variant is emerged inwards 1942, a derivative of the Topeng Panca, combination chemical ingredient of topeng too the opera trip the lite fantastic toe drama called “Arja”.
Topeng Bondres is a topeng variant dominated yesteryear comic characters, such equally clown retainer too villagers. Its surgical physical care for contains endless amount of spontaneous humor. Topeng Bondres is created inwards the early on 1980s.
Topeng Dance Bali
The formal construction of Topeng trip the lite fantastic toe (Topeng Pajegan, Topeng Panca, too Topeng Prembon) is composed inwards 2 primary sections: the introduction or pangelembar (panglembar) too the drama even out or lampahan.
The characters for introduction are Topeng Keras (prime minister, rigid figure amongst ruby-red or dark-brown face, denoting push clit too courage) too Topeng Tua (the old man). The dramas laid about amongst the appearance of the clown retainer (speaking mainly Balinese) too are the story-tellers or penasar. The penasars laid upwards the catamenia of the entire play too pave the way for the entrance of the King.
Topeng pajegan is considered equally “wali” too “bebali” trip the lite fantastic toe that is traditionally performed for ritual too religious ceremony or panca yadnya. The surgical physical care for unremarkably takes house within the temple, close the sanctuary, too within the expanse of ceremony.
The performances of Topeng Panca, Topeng Prembon, too Topeng Bondres, are considered equally “balih-balihan”. The primary destination is to entertain the audience, only around fourth dimension inwards conjunction amongst the religious activities. The surgical physical care for traditionally takes house exterior the temple, within house or hall, or at other places.
Balinese Topeng Dance Drama
Topeng trip the lite fantastic toe incorporates diverse artistic elements, such as: mask, trip the lite fantastic toe too acting, story-telling, gamelan music, costume, too offerings.
The masks inwards topeng trip the lite fantastic toe usually portray human face. It’s made from wood, painted, too accentuated amongst pilus too jewelry. In Baliense, the mask is called “tapel”, derived from “tup” (which way “to cover”) literally way “to unopen or press against the face” or “to conceal or transform the identity” of the soul who wears it.
The mask for topeng tin sack survive divided into iii groups: Tapel Bungkulan (full mask) which concealment entire face, used yesteryear topeng keras, topeng tua, too topeng dalem; Tapel Sibakan (half mask) which concealment the human face upwards from fore caput downwards to the upper lip, used yesteryear buffoon too around of the clowns; too Tapel Kepehan (mini mask) roofing exclusively the forehead too nose, mentum too the upper purpose of the jaw, used yesteryear a for sure type of clown. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 topeng performer holds his mask on human face upwards yesteryear a prophylactic strap around his head.
The trip the lite fantastic toe movements are based on “gambuh”, a shape of courtly trip the lite fantastic toe drama amongst un-masked graphic symbol too get got stories based on the Panji Romance. Generally, the choreography consists of iv primary drive categories: Agem (non-locomotive action), Tandang (locomotive movements), Tangkis (transitional activeness that connect agem too tandang), too Tangkep (facial facial expression to convey masks alive).
The stories inwards topeng dances are drawn to a greater extent than oftentimes than non from “Babad”, Balinese chronicles that usually written on palm foliage manuscript (lontar). For example: The journeying of Javanese priest from Java to Bali; The historical journeys of Balinese ancestors; The founding of many Hindu-Balinese temple around the island; The inauguration of the local villages; The matrimony of the local Kings too their regal menage unit of measurement members; too the role or emergence of clan inwards Bali.
The musical accompaniment inwards around instance is gamelan “Gong Kebyar”, i of the largest gamelan ensembles too the around pop inwards Bali, amongst 25 to xxx musicians. Among the around of import musical instrument are: vertical gongs (gong ageng too kempul), apartment gong (bebende), knobbed gongs (reyong, terompong, kayar too kempli), gangsa metallophones (jegogan, jublag, ugal, penyacah, pemade too kantil), drums (kendang), cymbals (cengceng), bamboo flutes (suling), too the two-stringed fiddle (rebab).
The costumes for topeng trip the lite fantastic toe are based on the manful soul characters of the classical gambuh trip the lite fantastic toe drama, known equally “Sesaputan”. This basic costume is composed of several pieces of fabric worn inwards layers. The costumes are: an ornamented split robe (saput) roofing the torso from breast to knee; a brace of white trousers (jaler) too a white waist fabric (kamen); a belt; a night jacket; a brace of leggings; a decorative dorsum panel; decorative collar; a brace of long aprons; too a brace of epaulettes.
The headdress encompasses the crown-like headdress or gelungan used yesteryear prime number minister, a wig (sobrat), too caput fabric (udeng) for servants too clowns. Each dancer wears a dagger (keris) across his back.
The offerings are besides importance inwards the topeng performances. The performer believes that their mask poses the soul too spirit of the respective characters. They e'er care for the mask amongst profound respect, yesteryear e'er keeping them inwards an appropriate or particular place. The performer besides makes offerings for them, at habitation too at the surgical physical care for site, earlier too later on the performances.
Reference
- google.co.id
- wikipedia.org _ Topeng _ on Feb 2, 2018
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topeng - wikipedia.org _ Panji( prince) _ on Feb 2, 2018
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panji_(prince) - Dibia, I Wayan (2016). "Topeng: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Mask Dance Theatre of Bali". SPAFA Journal. SEAMEO SPAFA. Retrieved Feb 2, 2018.
- Dibia, I Wayan (December 2016). "Experimenting the Modern Story “Mr. Tepis” to Balinese Topeng Masked Dance Theatre". Malaysian Journal of Performing too Visual Arts. University of Malaya. All rights reserved. Retrieved Feb 2, 2018.
- Image : Original Collection
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